وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي ترسخ العنف ضد النساء

بالرغم من إعلان الدولة ، تبني الدولة لإستراتيجية، تمكين المرأة 2030 وكذلك الإستراتيجية الوطنية لمناهضة العنف ضد النساء ، إلا أن التدابير ، الإجراءات المتبعة ، لا ترقي إلى حجم المشكلات والتحديات التي تقف حائلا ، إمام تمكين النساء ، ومناهضة العنف ضدهن والتي تستوجب بيئة تشريعية تساهم في تمكين النساء .

1 – إصدار قانون موحد لتجريم العنف ضد النساء.

2 – الإسراع في إنشاء المفوضية المستقلة لمناهضة العنف والتمييز التي أقرها الدستور المصري الصادر عام 2014 في المادة 53.

3 – إصدار قانون أحوال شخصية يمكن النساء من حقوقهن المسلوبة.

4 – العمل على ضرورة تدريس الجنسانية ، والتثقيف الجنسي الشامل ، المساواة ما بين الجنسين بجميع المراحل التعليمية ،بداية من المرحلة الابتدائية ، حتى الجامعة مع إتاحة المواد العلمية في وحدات الرعاية الصحية الأولية ، النوادي الثقافية ، الاجتماعية والرياضية.

5 – العمل على ضرورة تدريس مادة العنف ضد النساء ودور البنية التشريعية في الوصول للعدالة والمساواة لطلاب / طالبات كليات الحقوق بجامعات المصرية المختلفة.

6- العمل على إعداد برامج تدريبية, وتأهيلية وفق المعايير الدولية لمناهضة العنف ضد النساء لنواب البرلمان ، أعضاء الهيئات القضائية ، وأعضاء السلطة التنفيذية .

introduction :

In light of the pandemic crisis of the new Coronavirus “Covid-19”, which swept the world early this year of 2020, according to the instructions of the World Health Organization, countries of the world began to take various precautionary measures in order to maintain the health safety of their citizens, among them “physical distancing”, those measures that had some expected negative effects, as many governmental and non-governmental institutions worked to reduce them.

Among these effects are psychological crises that some citizens may be exposed to as a result of their work that makes them face the epidemic, or as a direct result of the precautionary measures.

With the long period of the precautionary measures, which exceeded three months, the negative effects increased to include social and family violence, especially against women.

* We use the term physical distancing for what we think is more accurate as one of the measures used to prevent the spread of the Corona virus “Covid-19” epidemic among citizens, An alternative to social distancing, which carries a danger to social relations between male and female citizens. It is also an inaccurate expression in light of the spread of different social media, which can provide a good opportunity to continue and invest in different social relationships.

Violence via multiple social media, online, has become one of the most prominent forms of violence during the epidemic, and among those methods that witnessed a variety of forms of violence, “tik-tok” application, which is a social Chinese application for music videos that was launched in September 2016.

Today, “Tik Tok” application is considered a pioneering platform for short videos in various countries of the world.

Tik Tok allows users to create short videos of their own, often displaying music in the background, and it can be speeded up, slowed down or edited using filters.

The application also allows users to set their accounts and choose whether any other user or only their “friends” can interact with them through the application, using comments, messages, “interactive” and “duo” videos.

Users can also set specific videos as either “public”, “friends only”, “private” regardless of whether the account is private or not.

During the past two months, the attack on young women, who are content creators on “Tik Tok” application, was the most prominent scene on social media.

Violence against them took many forms that varied between insulting and slandering, verbal harassment and rape, amounting to accusations that they incited women and girls to immorality.

And the presentation of formal accusations against them by some of the leaders of the various social media who have appointed themselves as guardians of society, and they called on the executive authorities to arrest them and transfer them to trials.

In a rapid development based on order by the Public Prosecution, the executive authorities responded and arrested a number of famous young women, from content creators on various social media especially o Tik Tok.

The authorities charged them with charges such as (attacking family principles and values in Egyptian society, spreading debauchery and immorality, and insulting public modesty) and became accused of these charges and awaiting their trial and issuing judicial rulings against them.

This action won the approval of a large number of social media users, some public figures, and some media people, who participated through various media outlets, in calling on the executive and judicial authorities to punish some women who created content on different social media, which is a matter of concern, about high levels of social violence against women, enveloped in legal proceedings against them. This is a violation of the Egyptian constitution, which emphasized equality in rights and duties among all citizens, as well as the national strategy to combat violence against women, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, “CEDAW”, all the covenants and agreements that were signed and ratified by Egypt.

This situation necessitates stressing the need to address all forms of violence against women within Egyptian society, and its effects on hindering women’s empowerment at the economic, social and political levels.

Social violence against women:

The United Nations defines violence against women as ‘any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life’.

In Egypt, the social heritage holds a long legacy, following the approach of the patriarchal system, in setting behavioral standards for the role of women in society, those standards that are based mainly on the domination and control of men in all aspects of life at the social, economic, political, and cultural levels.

The impact of this has been on meeting women’s needs, and the opportunities for them to access their rights to equality with men.

Societal norms, which depend on dominating the bodies of women, denying their rights to enjoy control over their bodies, and stripping them of their privacy, and the impact of that on meeting their basic needs, Starting with health care, which does not adequately consider their gender- based health rights, restricting their rights to reach advanced educational levels, not providing equal opportunity for men to obtain their rights to work, pay, promotion, and being deprived of some different job positions.

All of these obstacles are an integral part of the norms of societal norms that allow men to dominate the bodies of women, controlling them both within the family starting from the father, the brother, to the husband, the sons who inherit naturally the domination and control of the bodies of mothers and sisters, Ultimately, the situation reaches the dominance of men, in general, over women in the public and private spheres.

This is particularly evident in violence against women, on social media platforms, Many users of social media use societal norms to restrict the right of women to express themselves on online platforms.

Social media users start from considering women’s bodies as an acquired right to set standards built on ethical nature, based primarily on societal norms.

Those norms that give men the right to control the nature of women’s dealing with their bodies, by attacking the content women provide through social media applications and platforms, Reducing the diversity of content to master the commodification of women’s bodies, as the cause of evils, and the spread of the vice in society.

Rather, it comes to considering that the variety of forms of violence against women, from bullying, to harassment, to rape as a natural reaction to how women deal with their bodies through social media applications and platforms on the Internet, while the matter is completely different in the evaluation the content made by men, on social media platforms and applications, Although there is a variety of content provided by men, some of which advocate the use of violence against women, amounting to incitement against them, at the family level and the nature of their presence in the public domain.

Social class discrimination against Tik Tok girls:

An important part of the work’s appeal by posting content online is that it doesn’t require people to get a higher education, or have the skills needed in the job market, we watch some women cook, some are filming their daily routine with children or even hosting guests on YouTube, The more innovative and talented content creators are, the more money they will earn.

Many of them contribute to the income of their families, advertising agencies or brands can contact the female content makers directly.

Some women from working class backgrounds have been bullied and mocked by the conservative current in Egyptian society, who described them as vulgar simply because they wore clothes that were not handled in their social class, or because they did not speak the English language correctly.

Social norms negatively affect the legislative structure:

It is undeniable that the prevailing social norms within societies have a great influence on the nature and philosophy of the legislative structure, because the legislator is necessarily the son of the culture of society, and influenced by it and this influence is reflected in the form and nature of the legislative structure.

Therefore, international covenants and agreements sought to emphasize the need to work to change societal norms in order for societies to reach gender equality, as the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women indicated in its fifth article the following:

States Parties shall take all appropriate measures:

To modify the social and cultural patterns of conduct of men and women, with a view to achieving the elimination of prejudices and customary and all other practices which are based on the idea of the inferiority or the superiority of either of the sexes or on stereotyped roles for men and women.

In this context, human rights institutions, especially feminists, have played a significant role, over the years, to changing social patterns that call for violence or denigrate the role of women in society, and many successive governments have sought to take measures, measures that seek to limit the impact of societal norms on Egyptian legislative structure.

Despite these efforts, the legislative structure still needs more work in Egypt to purify it from all forms of violence against women, which hinder women’s access to justice and legal equality between the sexes.

For example: Article 10 of the 2014 constitution states that “the family is the nucleus of society and is based on religion, ethics and patriotism. The state guarantees its cohesion, stability and the consolidation of its values.”

Article 25 of the Information Technology Crime Law of 2018, which states “A penalty of imprisonment for a period not less than six months and a fine of 50 to 100 thousand pounds or one of these two penalties shall be inflicted on whoever violates any of the family principles or values in Egyptian society or violates the sanctity of private life or heavily sends emails to a person without their consent or grants personal data to a website to promote goods without their consent, or to publish news or photos that violate the privacy of a person without their consent, “What is meant in this article is whoever hacks into other people’s accounts or steals their information and privacy and publishes it in a way that offends them.

We also note that the constitutional article is consistent with the text of the Law on Combating Information Technology Crime in that they are built on loose foundations such as religion, ethics and patriotism, which are also the responsibility of the state.

Many girls have been charged with accusations The charges against them are based on articles taken from various laws, the first of which is Law No. 180 of the Regulation of Media of 2018, which states “websites should not publish false news or advocate against the law, violence, hatred, or discrimination between citizens and racism, or defaming, insulting or slandering them, or insulting religions or religious beliefs, or violating public order and public morals, Article 29 of this law states that a penalty depriving of liberty may not be imposed in these cases, but the penalty is restricted to blocking the website, except for crimes related to inciting violence, discrimination between citizens, or defamig.

Since this article does not entail imprisonment for girls, Article 25 of Information Technology Law 175 of 2018 was used, Because this article also does not apply to arrested girls, phrases such as “incitement to immorality and immorality” have been used to accuse them of the anti-prostitution law of 1960, which is intended for anyone who calls or pays for prostitution, Although there is no such thing in the actions of these girls, Article 178 of the 1952 Penal Code was also used, which deals with the use of images that violate public morals.

Recommendations:

Despite the state’s announcement that it is adopting a strategy to empower women 2030 and the national strategy to combat violence against women, the measures and procedures followed do not rise to the scale of the problems and challenges that stand in the way of empowering women and combating violence against them, which require a legislative environment that contributes to empowering women.

1 – issuing a unified law to criminalize violence against women.

2 – accelerating the establishment of the Independent Commission against violence and discrimination approved by the Egyptian Constitution, promulgated in 2014 in Article 53.

3- Issuing a personal status law that enables women to win their stolen rights.

4- Working on the necessity of teaching gender, comprehensive sexual education, gender equality at all levels of education, from the elementary school to the university, with scientific materials available in the primary health care units, cultural, social and sports clubs.

5 – Working on the necessity of teaching violence against women and the role of the legislative structure in achieving justice and equality for law faculties stuents in different Egyptian universities.

6- Working to prepare training and qualification programs in accordance with international standards to combat violence against women, for parliamentarians, members of the judiciary and members of the executive branch.